高考英语语法二轮专题复习精编讲义「精讲版」代词考点讲义02关系代词as,which,that用法区别知识点总结

2022届高考英语语法二轮复习精编讲义 代词考点讲义02【精讲版】 关系代词as，which，that用法区别知识点总结 关系代词which与that的用法区别   两者都可用作关系代词引导定语从句，指物时有时可互换。如：
This is the book which / that you asked for. 这是你要的那本书。

I saw something in the paper that / which would interest you. 我在报上看到了一些你会感兴趣的东西。

区别1：引导非限制性定语从句时，通常只用 which。如：
Jack drove too fast, which was reckless. 杰克开车开得太快，根本不考虑后果。

We took what he said literally, which may have been a mistake. 我将他所说的照字面意思来理解，但可能错了。

The church, which dated back to the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。

区别2：直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常只用 which。如：
The treasure, some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。

We did a fashion shoot on the beach in which the girls were modelling swimwear. 我们在海滩拍了一组穿泳装做模特的女孩的照片。

The pianist made a conquest of every audience for which she played. 这位钢琴家以她的演奏征服了每一位听众。

区别3：当先行词是下列不定代词或被 much, little, none, all, few, every(thing)，any(thing)，no(thing) 等修饰时，通常用 that。如：
He grasped at anything that might help him. 任何对他可能有帮助的东西他都想抓住。

There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法，只有投降了。

All [Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。

A wise man thinks all that he says, and a fool says all that he thinks. 智者思其所言，愚者言其所思。

区别4：当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用 that。如：
Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。

This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。

区别5：当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用 that。如：
This is the most interesting story that I’ve ever read. 这是我所读过的最有趣的故事。

The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。

区别6：当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用 that。如：
China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。

He is no longer the person that he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子了。

Our income is now double the amount that it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。

区别7：当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用 that。如：
He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car. 他望着塞满车的孩子和包裹。

The passengers and the suitcases that were still waiting had to be transferred to another plane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。

They log everyone and everything that comes in and out of here. 进出这里的所有人和物他们都会记录。

区别8：当要避免与 which 重复时，通常用 that。如：
Which is the book that you need most? 哪本书是你最需要的？ 关系代词as与which在用法上的区别与辨析   一、引导限制性定语从句时的区别 在such, as, the same后只能用as，其他情况用which。如：
You must show my wife the same respect as you show me. 你必须对我妻子表现出与对我同样的敬重。

He’s not such a good writer as he’s cracked up to be. 他并不像人们所吹捧的那样是什么杰出的作家。

The Commission will take as long as is deemed necessary to make its decision. 委员会将用其认为必要长的时间来作出决定。

二、引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 引导非限制性定语从句时，有时两者可互换。如：
I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。

但在，在以下情况引导非限制性定语从句时，两者不可换用：
①当从句位于主句前面时，只用as。如：
As is usual with children, they soon got tired. 孩子们一贯如此, 他们很快就厌倦了。

As I have already mentioned, I doubt that we will able to raise all the money we need. 正如我早就说过的，我怀疑我们是否能够筹集到足够的资金。

As is often the case with children, Amy was completely better by the time the doctor arrived.  就像经常发生在儿童身上的情况一样，医生赶到时，埃米的病情彻底地好转了。

②as引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，而which则无此限制。如：
She married him, as [which] was natural. 她嫁给了他，那是自然的事。

She married him, which was disgraceful. 她嫁给了他，那是很丢人的。(不用as) ③as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词，而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念，而which则无此限制。如：
The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular. 这个政府，它保证要减税，将会是得人心的。

The lawyers are preparing for the trial, which commences in 30 days. 律师们正在为这场将于30天后开始的审判进行准备。

The new bourgeoisie, which was created by the Industrial Revolution, had money to spend and wanted to travel. 工业革命产生的新兴资产阶级有了闲钱就想出去旅游。

④当as引导非限制性定语从句作主语时，其谓语通常应是连系动词，而不宜是其他动词，而which则无此限制。如：
She has married again, as [which] seemed natural. 她又结婚了，这似乎很正常。

She has married again, which delighted us. 她又结婚了，这使我们很高兴。(不用as)